
Mark’s papers contain a couple of examples of passes. No two are alike. A detail I found particularly interesting are
the rules and reminders at the bottom of the page. Behavior was carefully regulated with the
threat of denial of future passes as the control.
While stationed in India, Mark used these passes to explore
Bombay and Calcutta. In a letter to his
brother Bernard (Wad), he recognized Calcutta as the more impressive city. In his letters to Wad and to his family home
in Nebraska he set out to describe so many of the fascinating details of
India.
In particular, a letter he wrote to Wad reveals some of the
wonder of his experience in Calcutta: “The Red Cross has organized tours of the
city,” he wrote. “We saw the burning
ghats, Jain Temple, black hole of Calcutta, ate at Phirpos, etc. At the burning ghats they charge 9 rupees 6
annas (about $3.00 per head) for burning the dead and throw the ashes in the
Hooghly River. They dip the bodies in
the Hooghly before the burning, too.
They have some beliefs about the “coffee colored” Hooghly as holy
water.”
The amazement of the Indian landscape did not always meet
with approval. “There was not as much to
the “Black Hole of Calcutta” as I expected.
If you will remember there was quite a story about it in our history
books.”

Mark’s descriptions of life in Asia provide interesting
reading. Because of the war, his paper
supply and the length of his letter were limited. His letters often ended abruptly. This particular two page letter to Wad ended
simply. After describing the Jain
Temple, he wrote, “Your Brother, Mark.”
And his continued interest and desire to share the details were reserved
for another day and another letter home.